IT TERMINOLOGY

Applet	A Java program embedded in web page
Archie	A program to find files on FTP servers
Avatar	A character representing an internet user
Backbone	Network mainline carrying data to smaller lines
Bandwidth	Amount of data sent through network
Bit	Smallest piece of information, that is, either 1 or 0
Bluetooth	A short range wireless technology to connect electronic devices
Boot	To start a computer
Byte	Sequence of information bits, which equals 8 bits
Cache	Technically classifying, it stores recently visited web addresses, web pages in hard disk/RAM/near processor, depending on cache types, for fast retrieval
Captcha	Response test that shows if the user is human or not
Centronics	36 pin parallel interface standard
Computer	A machine that computes and is programmable
Cookie	It is an internet term where the web server sent data records your activities on websites. Some websites record & remember information like your username and password, so you don’t have to type them again.
Crop	Removing part of an image or photo
Cyber Bullying	Harassing or threatening the young via cyberspace
Cyber Squatter	Someone registering a domain name (without web pages) to sell it
Default	When a user does not specify a setting, a preset value is used
Degauss	Removing magnetism from a device
Digital	Data represented in a series of zeros and ones
DirectX	Mostly used in video games, it is a set of commands
Domain	Network and computers connected to internet
Domain Name	Website name
Driver	A file that aids computer to connect with the hardware device
Dual-Core	A CPU that has 2 processors in a chip
Embed	Adding something from one document to another
Emoticons	Text based faces/objects
Encryption	Conversion of data into unreadable state
Ethernet	A networking connection that uses coaxial cables
Exabyte	Unit of data storage equalling to 2 to 60th power bytes
Fiber Optic	Transmits information faster than copper wire
File Sharing	Way of giving same file to many users by one server
Firewire	High speed interface for connecting digital/electronic players to computers
Firmware	Software programmed into hardware
Flash Drive	Data storage device with less units
Gigabyte (GB)	Equals 1024 megabytes
Gigahertz	Measurement for computer processing speed. 1 gigahertz =1000 megahertz
Gnutella	Internet file sharing network
Golden Master	Final version of software program sent to make retail copies
Hacker	A sly person who gains illegal access to other people’s computers
Hard Copy	A document that is printed
Hardware	Internal and external physical parts of a computer system
Heat Sink	A metal alloy that absorbs heat from the processor
Host	A network computer that acts as a server to other computers
Icon	A tiny display representing files and folders
Infrared	Red light invisible to naked eye and used in some wireless devices
Integrated Circuit	A semiconductor chip
Internet	A super highway network that connects smaller networks
Intranet	Internal network within an organisation
IP Address	It is internet protocol numbers ranging from 0 to 255 and separated by 3 dots. It is assigned to a computer connected to internet by Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Iteration	Program process repetition
JavaScript	A scripting language developed by Sun Microsystems
Joystick	A device consisting of base and stick used in video games
Jumper	Metal bridge to close electrical circuit
Kerberos	Used to give secure network authentication
Kernel	The foundation layer of an operating system
Keygen	Key generator that automatically generates  a registration or serial #
Keylogger	Keystrokes recording program that could be used by a hacker to find out passwords
Kibibyte (KiB)	Exact units of 1024 bytes
Kilobyte (KB)	Estimated 1000 bytes or 1024 bytes depending on the content in use. Hence, kilobyte has ambiguous units.
LAN	Local area network that covers a small area
Leaf	A file in hard disk
Limewire	A free software that allows network users to share files
Linkedin	Business social networking site
Linux	Operating system developed by Linus Torvalds. It is a popular OS for hosting web servers.
Macro	A command/script in form of a key or symbol
Mainframe	Big powerful computer processing mammoth volume at high speed
Malware	Programs like virus & Trojanintended to damage computers
Media	Data storage hardware like DVD, CD, HD
Meta Tag	Tool to store details like keywords & contents of a web page
Memory Stick	Sony’s flash memory cards
Name Server	Web domain is referred to IP address by name server
Nanosecond	A billionth of a second
Network	A system of connected computers that send and receive data
Node	Anything connected to a network
Null Value	Something that has no value in programming
Offline	State of computer devices that are neither turned on nor connected
Online	State of computer devices that are turned on and connected
Operating System(OS)	The significant program that runs the computer hardware
Oracle	Database management program developed by Oracle Corporation
Overclock	Technique to run a microprocessor faster than intended
Packet	Amount of data sent from source to destination
Path	Address of file
Peer to Peer (P2P)	Connected workstations sharing files without a central server
Peripheral	Any device attached to computer externally
Phishing (i.e. Password harvesting fishing)	Attempting to garner personal information via emails that seem genuine from banking and popular websites
Primary Key	A value that mainly identifies a record in a table
Quad-Core	CPU having 4 separate processors in a chip
Query	Request of a database in computer
Queue	Series of tasks waiting to be done by programs
QWERTY	Denotes standard keyboard because Q,W,E,R,T,Y keys are side by side in the upper left row
Random Access Memory (RAM)	Memory cells that make up memory module. Data is always loaded from hard disk to RAM since it is faster to read from it. The best method to make your computer work faster is to increase its RAM.
Raw Data	Data that is not processed
Read-only Memory (ROM)	Memory storing hardware information that is not lost when power is turned off
Real Time	The moment, data is received, it is processed
Reboot	To restart
Registry	Database storing set up, software and hardware configuration information in Windows OS
Router	A device connecting one local area network to another
Script	A series of commands performed by a program
Serial Port	Interface or connection to peripherals
Server	Mainframe computer that serves other attached computers
Shadowing	Method of using high speed RAM to make computer to work faster
Simplex	Circuit that can either transmit or receive
Software	A code or program that is read by computer
Spam	Unnecessary emails
Static	Non interactive web page
System	Comprehensive inclusion of hardware, software & firmware items
Terabyte (TB)	One trillion bytes
Terminal	An internet computer screen
Throughout	Data amount processed in a given time
Topology	Physical and logical set up of a network
Trojan	Dangerous virus loaded deceptively through a host program
Undo	A command to cancel previous action
Universal Resource Locator (URL)	Another term for internet address
Universal Serial Bus (USB)	Computer port that is faster
Unix	Web server operating system developed by AT & T
Upload	To transfer files from local computer to web server/network
Virtual Memory	Memory generated by  hard disk sectors when RAM is full
Virtual Reality	Computer created illusion of reality
Virus	A code or program designed to replicate and damage computers
Wave	Microsoft’s waveform sound format
Weblog	A personal journal or blog on the web
Workstation	Any computer attached to internet
X2	Technology to send higher data rates on old phone system
XMS(Extended Memory Specification)	Procedure for using extended memory & area  of disk operating system (DOS)
Y2K	Year 2000; the predicted Millennium Bug that flopped
Yottabyte (YB)	Largest data storage unit, i.e. 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
Zero Day Exploit	Computer security loophole issue & attack on it are known on same day. Zero day left to release patch to fix it.
Zettabyte (ZB)	1,000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000 bytes
Zipping	Compressing files to save space
Zune	Digital music entertainment developed by Microsoft